What steps should a server take when the defendant cannot be found after reasonable attempts?

• A. Use authorized alternative methods such as publication, posting, or service on an alternate recipient as permitted.
• B. Wait until the defendant is found.
• C. Deliver service to the defendant's employer.
• D. File a motion to dismiss for non-service.

Answer: (A)

When you can’t locate the defendant after reasonable efforts, you must pursue methods that the rules allow to give notice despite the absence. The idea is to ensure due process by providing constructive notice even when traditional personal service isn’t possible. Authorized alternatives—like publication in a newspaper, posting at the defendant’s last known address, or service on an alternate recipient who is empowered to receive service—exist precisely for this situation. Often you’ll need to file an affidavit showing due diligence and obtain any required court permission to use these methods, confirming that pursuing standard service has been exhausted. Waiting to find the defendant later isn’t a practical way to meet notice requirements, serving at the defendant’s employer is only appropriate where the rules permit it, and a dismissal motion is a remedy for non-service—not the step to take to effect service itself.