Which of the following is an example of a civil law case?

• A. Criminal case
• B. Tax evasion case
• C. Immigration matter
• D. Contract dispute

Answer: (D)

In civil matters, the focus is on private disputes where a party seeks a remedy from another party, such as damages or an order to perform. A contract dispute is a classic civil case because it involves private parties arguing over the terms, performance, or breach of a contract, with the sought-after remedy being civil relief like monetary damages or specific performance.

A criminal case, by contrast, involves the state prosecuting someone for a crime and usually carries penalties like imprisonment or fines, not a private civil remedy. A tax evasion situation is typically treated as a criminal matter (though some tax issues can be civil disputes, the phrase tax evasion signals a criminal context). Immigration matters are generally administrative or regulatory proceedings handled by government agencies, not private civil lawsuits between individuals or entities.