Which option best illustrates constructive service?

• A. Posting notice at a designated place or by publication when allowed by rule.
• B. Personal delivery to the defendant's residence.
• C. Sending a notice by courier only to the plaintiff.
• D. Emailing a digital copy of the summons to the defendant.

Answer: (A)

Constructive service means giving notice by substitute means allowed by the rules when you can’t deliver papers directly to the defendant. The method of posting a notice at a designated place or by publication fits this idea exactly, because it provides actual notice without personal hand-delivery and is a recognized way to serve when direct service isn’t feasible. Personal delivery is direct service, not constructive. Sending by courier to the plaintiff isn’t service on the defendant, and emailing a summons is electronic service that, while sometimes allowed, isn’t the classic constructive method described here. So posting or publishing notice best illustrates constructive service.